Dental Decks Part II 2007 - 2008 Edition
Section: Oral Surgery
Category: Anesth
Card: Local anesthetics stop axonal conduction by blocking:
Correction: On the back of the card the paragraph that begins with Important: should read as follows (the correction is in red):
Important: Small, non-myelinated nerve fibers which conduct pain and temperature sensations, are affected first, followed by touch, proprioception, and skeletal muscle tone.
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Section: Oral Surgery
Category: Misc.
Card: Although there are several types of malignant oral cancers, more than 90% of all diagnosed oral cancers are:
Correction and clarifications: On the back of the card the first three paragraphs should read as follows:
The oral cavity and oropharynx are among the most common sites for head and neck cancer. Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) accounts for greater than 90% of oral cavity and oropharyngeal malignancies. The lip is a common site for SCC of the oral cavity, comprising 25% to 30% of all oral cavity malignancies. Approximately 90% occur on the lower lip due to increased sun exposure. In the remainder of the oral cavity, the most common sites are the anterior part of the tongue, particularly the lateral border, and adjacent ventral tongue and the anterior floor of the mouth.
SCC of the tongue is the second most common malignancy of the oral cavity. The anterior part of the tongue, particularly the lateral border, and the adjacent ventral tongue are the most common locations for SCC to be found. It is uncommon on the dorsum or tip of the tongue. The lesions usually metastasize early and the prognosis is not as good as lip lesions.
SCC of the anterior floor of the mouth is the third most common malignancy of the oral cavity. It is seen predominantly in older men, especially those who are chronic alcoholics and smokers. These lesions metastasize early and the prognosis is very poor.
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Section: Oral Surgery
Category: Neo
Card: The most common site of squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue is the:
Clarification: On the back of the card in the middle of the explanation, the sentence that begins with "The lips are…" should read as follows:
The oral cavity and oropharynx are among the most common sites for head and neck cancer. Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) accounts for greater than 90% of oral cavity and oropharyngeal malignancies. The lip is a common site for SCC of the oral cavity, comprising 25%to 30% of all oral cavity malignancies. Approximately 90% occur on the lower lip due to increased sun exposure. In the remainder of the oral cavity, the most common sites are the anterior part of the tongue, particularly the lateral border, and adjacent ventral tongue and the anterior floor of the mouth.
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Section: Oral Pathology
Category: Misc
Card: Which type of Hepatitis is found only in patients with acute or chronic episodes of Hepatitis B?
Correction: The answer should be Hepatitis D.
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Section: Oral Pathology
Category: M & G Jaw Dis
Card: An 84-year-old woman has had no major medical problems, but she has never been physically active for most of her life. One day she falls out of bed and immediately notices a sharp pain in her right hip…
Correction: On the back of the card, after the answer Osteoporosis it says also called Albers-Schoenberg Disease or Marble Bone Disease. This is incorrect. Osteopetrosis is also called Albers-Schoenberg Disease or Marble Bone Disease.
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Section: Pharmacology
Category: Adren
Card: A drug that acts in a way opposite to the sympathetic nervous system is called a:
Correction: On the back of the card under Alpha-adrenergic blockers, first bullet says Tolazoline blocks alpha2 receptors, this is incorrect, Tolazoline is a nonselective alpha1 and alpha2 blocker
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Section: Pharmacology
Category: Adren
Card: All of the following drugs are alpha blockers except:
Correction: On the back of the card under Some examples of alpha blockers, fourth bullet says Tolazoline is a selective alpha2 blocker, this is incorrect, Tolazoline is a nonselective alpha1 and alpha2 blocker
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Section: Pharmacology Posted 12/1/09
Category: Trms/Def
Card: A teaspoon can hold what volume of liquid?
Correction: On the back of the card, in the chart,
First row: 1 teaspoon is equivalent to 0.166 fluid ounces
Second row: 3 teaspoons are equivalent to 0.5 fluid ounces
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Section: Operative
Category: Amal
Card: Which phase of the amalgam reaction is prone to corrosion in clinical restorations?
Correction: The chemical formula of the gamma-two phase of amalgam should read Sn8Hg
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Section: Oral Pathology
Category: Abn of Tth
Card: Which type of amelogenesis imperfecta is characterized by having enamel so soft that it can be removed during a prophylaxis?
Correction: On the front of the card, the answer choices should be as follows:
Type I (Hypoplastic Amelogenesis Imperfecta)
Type II (Hypomaturation Amelogenesis Imperfecta)
Type III (Hypocalcified Amelogenesis Imperfecta)
Correction: On the back of the card, the answer should be Type III (Hypocalcified Amelogenesis Imperfecta)
Under three types of amelogenesis imperfecta:
#2 should read Type III (Hypocalcified Amelogenesis Imperfecta)
#3 should read Type II (Hypomaturation Amelogenesis Imperfecta)
***Note: Some of the older literature refers to Type II as Hypocalcified Amelogenesis Imperfecta and Type III as Hypomaturation Amelogenesis Imperfecta, however, the newer literature refers to Type II as Hypomaturation Amelogenesis Imperfecta and Type III as Hypocalcified Amelogenesis Imperfecta.
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Oral Pathology Picture Booklet (2007 – 2008 Edition)
Picture: #16 should read: Amelogenesis imperfecta: Hypocalcification
Picture: #17 should read: Amelogenesis imperfecta: Hypomaturation
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Dental Decks Part I 2009 - 2010 Edition
Testlets - Case Scenario: #4
The answer to Question #8 is B Posted on 7/6/09
The answer to Question #10 is C
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Testlets - Case Scenario: #5
The answer to Question #5 is D
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Illustrations – Card: #64 Posted on 7/9/09
The labels for #3 - #7 are as follows:
#3 = Styloid process
#4 = Masseter
#5 = Mandible
#6 = Maxilla
#7 = Zygomatic arch
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Illustrations – Card: #72 Posted on 7/9/09
Label #8 should read as follows: Levator labii superioris alaeque nasi
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Illustrations – Card: #99 Posted on 7/9/09
Label #5 should read as follows: Inferior vena cava
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Dental Anatomy & Occlusion / Es – Card: #22 Posted on 7/6/09
On the back of the card, in the chart , first row (7 months), under the specific teeth, it should read as follows: 4 = mand. and max central incisors
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Dental Anatomy & Occlusion / Mol-Inf – Card: #63
The answer should be Lingual and mesial
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Dental Anatomy & Occlusion / Msl – Card: #66
On the back of the card, under infrahyoid muscles, for the innervation of the sternothyroid muscle, it should read: C1, C2, C3 from ansa cervicalis
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Dental Anatomy & Occlusion / Msl – Card: #71
The answer should be Right lateral pterygoid
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Dental Anatomy & Occlusion / Occl – Inf – Card: #82
The pictures depicting the Class I and Class III occlusions have been inadvertently switched. The Class I picture is below the Class III description and the Class III picture is below the Class I description.
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Dental Anatomy & Occlusion / Occl-Terms – Card: #91
On the back of the card, the second bullet should read as follows: Overjet: the horizontal distance betweeen the labio-incisal surfaces of the mandibular incisors and the labio-incisal surfaces of the maxillary incisors
*** Please disregard the correction as noted above*****
Posted on 7/20/09
The second bullet should read as originally printed: Overjet: the horizontal distance betweeen the labio-incisal surfaces of the mandibular incisors and the linguo-incisal surfaces of the maxillary incisors
It is actually the image of overjet which is incorrect, it should show overjet from the labio surface of the mandibular incisor to the lingual surface of the maxillary incisor. See image.
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Dental Anatomy & Occlusion / Occl-Terms – Card: #93
On the back of the card, the last sentence should read: In a Class III lever system, the fulcrum is at one end, the workload at the other end and the force (effort) lies between the workload and fulcrum.
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Dental Anatomy & Occlusion / Pdl / G – Card: #95 Second part posted on 7/13/09
The answer should be Alveolar crest group
On the back of the card, under Alveolodental ligament, the fifth bullet, the first and sencond sentences should read as follows:
The interradicular group of the alveolodental ligament: found only between the roots of multirooted teeth. Run from the cementum into the bone, forming the crest of the interradicular septum.
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Dental Anatomy & Occlusion / Premolar / Inf – Card: #106
Add the following answer choice: From a proximal view, the mandibular premolar crowns tilt labially
On the back of the card, the picture on the bottom right is that of a Mandibular Right Second Premolar, not a Maxillary Right First Premolar.
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Dental Anatomy & Occlusion / Perm – T – Card: #145
The second sentence under the heading Distinguishing Features should read: Has two buccal grooves (MB and DB). ***DB was inadvertently cut-off
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Dental Anatomy & Occlusion / Pict-T – Card: #159
On the front of the card, the second answer choice should read as follows: The distal view of a maxillary left first molar
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Dental Anatomy & Occlusion / Primary – Card: #194
The answer should be The primary maxillary right first molar
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Dental Anatomy & Occlusion / Primary – Card: #200
On the back of the card under notes: #2 should read The mandibular central incisor is the smallest primary tooth.
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Microbiology / Pathology / Vir – Card: #1
In the chart on the back of the card , the last row under genome for HSV-2 it should say ds DNA
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Microbiology / Pathology / Vir – Card: #12
In the chart on the back of the card, under Virus, the third row down reads Varicella-Zoster, this is incorrect, it shoud read Epstein-Barr
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Microbiology / Pathology / Vir – Card: #13
On the back of the card, under Picornavirus family, Reovirus is its own family, it is not part of the Picornavirus family, however it is a RNA non-enveloped virus.
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Microbiology / Pathology / Vir – Card: #26
In the chart on the back of the card, Coxsackievirus A & B are listed under DNA viruses, this is incorrect they should be listed under RNA viruses, as they are nonenveloped viruses with linear single-stranded RNA.
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Microbiology / Pathology / Bact – Card: #54
On the back of the card, the first paragraph, the last sentence should read as follows: Fermenting organisms are restricted to niches where oxygen is lacking and suitable carbon sources exist. *** The words "sources exist" were inadvertently cut off.
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Microbiology / Pathology / Bact – Card: #60 Posted on 8/10/09
On the back of the card, the diagram on the right should be labeled Transduction.
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Microbiology / Pathology / Bact – Card: #61 Posted on 7/6/09
On the back of the card, the first paragraph, the second sentence should read as follows: Most strains are obligate aerobes.
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Microbiology / Pathology / Terms – Card: #63 Posted on 8/10/09
On the back of the card, first bullet (Silent mutations), the third sentence should read as follows: Their resultant sequence will still encode mRNA that is translated into the amino acid threonine, because of redundancy in the genetic code (both "ACC" and "ACA" encode threonine).
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Microbiology / Pathology / Terms – Card: #65 Posted on 8/10/09
On the back of the card, the fifth bullet (Hyperacute rejection), should read as follows: minutes to hours, tissue never becomes vascularized, because there is pre-existing host serum Ab (IgG) specific for Ag in the graft.
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Microbiology / Pathology / Sub – Card: #71 Posted on 8/10/09
On the back of the card, the third sentence should read as follows: Once synthesized, histamine is stored in the coarse cytoplasmic granules of mast cells and/or basophils.
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Microbiology / Pathology / Cells/Org – Card: #80 Posted on 8/10/09
On the back of the card, in the chart, under T cells, the seventh row (Memory T cells), the Function/Characteristics should read as follows: Long-lived cells that recognize previously encountered T-dependent antigens.
On the back of the card, in the chart, under B cells, the first row (B lymphocytes), the first sentence in the Function/Characteristics should read as follows: On antigen presentation, they differentiate into plasma cells and memory B cells.
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Microbiology / Pathology / Lv Dis – Card: #104
On the back of the card, Notes #1, the first sentence should read as follows: Cirrhisis of the liver is an end-stage liver disease in which normal hepatic architecture is destroyed and replaced by bands of fibrous scar tissue.
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Microbiology / Pathology / Neo – Card: #123
On the back of the card, in the first paragraph, the last sentence should read as follows: The tumor is invasive, ulcerative, often indurated, and locally destructive but has a limited capacity to metastasize.
The last sentence in the second paragraph should read as follows: The neoplasm can usually be cured by surgical resection. *** “-tion” was inadvertently cut off.
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Microbiology / Pathology / Bn Disord – Card: #154 Posted on 9/8/09
On the back of the card, the fourth sentence should read as follows: Predisposing factors include physical inactivity, hypercorticism, hyperthyroidism, and calcium deficiency.
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Microbiology / Pathology / Inf – Card: #170
The fourth answer choice should be Acute appendicitis. The correct answer is Acute appendicitis.
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Microbiology / Pathology / Immun – Card: #187 Posted on 9/8/09
On the back of the card, the third sentence should read as follows: Many drugs (e.g., penicillins) are haptens and the catechol in the plant oil that causes poison oak and poison ivy is a hapten.
The next sentence should read as follows: Important: Antibody production involves activation of B-lymphocytes by the hapten and helper T-lymphocytes by the carrier.
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Microbiology / Pathology / Immun – Card: #194
On the front of the card, the second answer choice should read as follows: Exposure to foreign antigen leads to an immediate response
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Microbiology / Pathology / Disord – Card: #227
On the back of the card, Please disregard the notes: these are physical findings for acute appendicitis not acute pancreatitis.
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Microbiology / Pathology / Disord – Card: #228 Posted on 9/11/09
On the back of the card, under Other autosomal dominant disorders: the first bullet should read as follows: Familial hypercholesterolemia: characterized by anomalies of receptors for low-density lipoproteins.
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Microbiology / Pathology / Disord – Card: #230 Posted on 7/13/09
On the back of the card, Notes #1, the second sentence should read as follows: In adults, this may result in increased insulin sensitivity with hypoglycemia, decreased muscle strength, and anemia.
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Microbiology / Pathology / Syndr – Card: #250
On the back of the card, under the triad of findings found in Sjogrens syndrome includes: the second bullet should read as follows: Xerostomia (dry mouth)
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Microbiology / Pathology / Oral Cav – Card: #276 Posted on 7/6/09
On the back of the card, the second paragraph should be entitled, Subgingival plaque: saliva and diet alter bacterial composition: ------ not Supragingival plaque.
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Ethics and Patient Management – Card: #6 Posted on 7/9/09
The answer should be: Direct Supervision
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Ethics and Patient Management – Card: #14
The first answer choice should read as follows: A dentist who accepts a third party payment under a co-payment plan as payment in full without disclosing to the third party that the patients payment portion will NOT be collected, is engaged in overbilling.
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Ethics and Patient Management – Card: #16
The question should read: Since the name under which a dentist conducts his or her practice may be a factor in the selection process of the patient, ***dentist and selection were misspelled***
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Biochemistry / Physiology / Carb - Card: #5
On the back of the card, the fourth sentence under the first bullet (Starch is a large...) should read as follows: Amylose (which is unbranched) forms long straight chains while amylopectin has highly branched chains with alpha-1,6 linkages.
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Biochemistry / Physiology / Bld - Card: #15
Answer D on the back of the card should be into
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Biochemistry / Physiology / Bld - Card: #16
The sixth sentence in the explanation on the back of the card should read as follows:Patients with hyperparathyroidism will have decreased renal calcium excretion and will also be predisposed to an increased likelihood of bone fracture.
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Biochemistry / Physiology / GI S - Card: #28
The answer choice on the front of the card that reads Secretion should be Secretin. Bicarbonate ion should be an answer choice as well
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Biochemistry / Physiology / Msl - Card: #39
The answer should be: Stretched / stretch / monosynaptic / contraction.
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Biochemistry / Physiology / Msl - Card: #40
On the back of the card, under Spinal reflexes, #2 Tendon reflex the first sentence should read as follows: it is initiated at receptors called neurotendinous organs (Golgi tendon organs) that are sensitive to tension that occurs as result of muscular contraction.
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Biochemistry / Physiology / Msl - Card: #41
On the back of the card, under Intrafusal Fibers, the second bullet under 2. Nuclear chain fibers should read as follows: Innervated by the slower group II afferents as well as group Ia afferents.
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Biochemistry / Physiology / CNS - Card: #42
The first sentence on the back of the card should be eliminated (taken out) as the dorsal horn and the dorsal root ganglia are not the same entity, although some literature still refers to them as being the same.
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Biochemistry / Physiology / Circ S - Card: #53
On the back of the card, in the chart, the third row down (Veins); under Tunica Adventitia, the box should read as follows: Provides flexible support that resists collapse or injury; more prominent than tunica media.
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Biochemistry / Physiology / Disord/Dis - Card: #56
On the back of the card, the second paragraph, the last sentence should read as follows: In jaundice, the plasma comcentration of bilirubin can rise to as high as 40mg per 100 ml of plasma.
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Biochemistry / Physiology / Disord/Dis - Card: #61
On the back of the card, Notes #1 should read as follows: Phenylalanine is an essential amino acid.
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Biochemistry / Physiology / DNA/RNA - Card: #69 Posted on 7/6/09
On the back of the card, the second paragraph (Important:), the second sentence should read as follows: The other 17 amino acids are coded by two or more.
Biochemistry / Physiology / DNA/RNA - Card: #69 Posted on 7/21/09
On the front of the card, the four answer choices should read as follows:
- The elimination of the third nucleotide of a codon
- The elimination of the first nucleotide of a codon
- A substitution of the third nucleotide of a codon
- A substitution of the first nucleotide of a codon
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The answer should read as follows: A substitution of the third nucleotide of a codon
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Biochemistry / Physiology / Enz - Card: #90
The answer should be enteropeptidase
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Biochemistry / Physiology / Enz - Card: #93
On the back of the card, in the chart, fourth row down (Coenzyme A), under Derived from, it should read as follows: Pantothenic acid (vitamin B5).
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Biochemistry / Physiology / Hrm - Card: #95
The first answer on the back should be Follicle-stimulating hormone and Luteinizing homone
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Biochemistry / Physiology / Hrm - Card: #97 Posted on 4/2/10
On the back of the card, Notes should be removed and replaced with the folllowing:
Causes of Hyperthyroidism: (Toxic Goiter, Thyrotoxicosis, Graves’ disease): In the patient with hyperthyroidism the entire thyroid gland is usually markedly hyperplastic. These changes in the thyroid gland are similar to those caused by excessive thyroid-stimulating hormone. However, radioimmunoassay studies have shown the plasma TSH concentrations to be less than normal rather than enhanced, and often to be essentially zero. On the other hand, another substance that has an action similar to that of TSH is found in the blood of most patients. This substance, called long-acting thyroid stimulator (LATS), has a prolonged stimulating effect on the thyroid gland.
Note: In hypothyroidism (whether it is manifested as myxedema in adults or as cretinism in children), there is decreased serum free T4 and increased serum TSH
Biochemistry / Physiology / Hrm - Card: #100
The 3rd bullet under the heading: Insulin release by the beta cells is promoted by the following: GH inhibits insulin release; it does not promote the release of insulin as do glucagon and cortisol.
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Biochemistry / Physiology / Hrm - Card: #101 Posted on 7/13/09
On the back of the card, under Glucagon release by alpha cells is promoted by the following, the fourth bullet should read as follows: Decreased level of amino acids (especially arginine) in the blood plasma.
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Biochemistry / Physiology / Hrm - Card: #106 Posted on 7/6/09
Clarification, TSH (thyroid-stimulating hormone, is not found in the thyroid either, it is found in the anterior pituitary and also bound to TSH receptors which are found mainly on thyroid follicular cells.
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Biochemistry / Physiology / Hrm - Card: #112
The answer should be: Zona Glomerulosa of the adrenal cortex.
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Biochemistry / Physiology / Hrm - Card: #113
In the chart on the back of the card: Glucagon and epinephrine promote glycogenolysis NOT glycogenesis.
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Biochemistry / Physiology / Nrv - Card: #140
The answers should be as follows:
#1 Ruffinis end organs
#2 Pacinian corpuscles
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Biochemistry / Physiology / Nrv - Card: #144 Posted on 7/13/09
On the back of the card, the first sentence under the answer should read as follows: *** Calcium influxes into the presynaptic cell, acetylcholine is released from the presynaptic cell, and sodium influxes into the postsynaptic cell.
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Biochemistry / Physiology / Misc - Card: #158 Posted on 12/1/09
The third answer choice should read as follows: 1 M potassium chloride
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Biochemistry / Physiology / Misc - Card: #161 Posted on 7/6/09
On the back of the card, the fourth bullet after the first paragraph, the second sentence should read as follows: Mitosis is further divided into: prophase, prometaphase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase.
*** Interphase is often included in discussions of mitosis, but interphase is technically not part of mitosis, but rather encompasses stages G1, S, and G2 of the cell cycle. ***
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Biochemistry / Physiology / Kid - Card: #163 Posted on 7/6/09
On the front of the card, the second bullet on the left hand side should read as follows: Art ate a substance that is filtered and secreted, so the entire amount of substance was released in the first pass.
On the back of the card, the second sentence in the explanation should read as follows: Inulin is freely filtered from the glomerular capillaries into Bowman capsule, but inulin does not undergo tubular secretion or reabsorption.
On the back of the card, Notes: #2, the second sentence should read as follows: Some literature states that the most accurate measure of GFR is creatinine clearance.
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Biochemistry / Physiology / Kid - Card: #166 Posted on 12/1/09
On the back of the card, under Remember:-- the first bullet should read as follows: If the tubules neither reabsorb nor secrete the substance -- as happens with inulin or creatinine -- clearance equals the GFR
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Biochemistry / Physiology / Kid - Card: #169
The answer should be: Your plasma osmolarity is lower than normal, and you will likely excrete a large amount of dilute urine.
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Biochemistry / Physiology / Kid - Card: #171
On the front of the card the third answer choice should be Excretion
On the back of the card ; answer #1 and #3 should read as follows:
1. Excretion -- urine is excreted once it is formed, excretion is not part of formation
3. Filtration and tubular secretion -- both send substances from the blood to the tubules
The first sentence in the explanation should read as follows: The formation of urine has three processes: filtration, reabsorption, and tubular secretion.
The last sentence in this paragraph should read as follows: This process, called tubular secretion, supplements the initial glomerular filtration.
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Biochemistry / Physiology / Hrm - Card: #174
The third and fourth answer choices should be as follows:
#3 Repolarization / atria
#4 Repolarization / ventricles
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Biochemistry / Physiology / Hrt - Card: #177 Posted on 8/11/09
On the back of the card, the fourth bullet under the summary of the events that occur during the diastole phase should read as follows: Semilunar valves close, preventing backflow into the ventricles.
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Biochemistry / Physiology / Hrt - Card: #180
The fourth answer option should be P wave.
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Biochemistry / Physiology / Hrt - Card: #184
On the back of the card, Notes #1, the first sentence should read as follows: Contraction of the skeletal muscles, especially in the limbs, squeezes the veins and this pushes blood in the extremities towards the heart; back flow is prevented by the presence of numerous one-way valves in the veins.
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Biochemistry / Physiology / Pro/AA - Card: #204
Clarification: The literature differs on the exact number of essential and nonessential amino acids. The 2 amino acids in question are Arginine and Histidine. Arginine is required for the young, but not for adults. It is not certain if histidine is an essential or nonessential amino acid - most health experts agree that, although the body manufactures its own histidine, it is fairly easy for natural supplies to run short.
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Biochemistry / Physiology / Pro/AA - Card: #209
The second answer choice should read as follows: Hemoglobin has a higher affinity for CO than O2
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Biochemistry / Physiology / Pro/AA - Card: #219
Under Notes, #3: the last line should read, because a different enzyme is used in DOPA for melanin synthesis.
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Biochemistry / Physiology / Lipids - Card: #221
In the chart under Saturated Fatty Acids the first acid should be Arachidic acid NOT Arachidonic acid
Clarification: The first bullet (Saturated fat) should read as follows: Contains no double bonds between carbon atoms.
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Biochemistry / Physiology / Lipids - Card: #227
The answer should be creatinine.
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Biochemistry / Physiology / Metab - Card: #236 and Illustration – Card: #178
Under step 5, should read GDP into GTP (not ADP into ATP).
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Biochemistry / Physiology / Metab - Card: #237
The illustration card that goes with this card is 172 NOT 177
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Biochemistry / Physiology / Metab - Card: #243 Posted on 7/28/09
The answer to question #2 should be: 8 -- 2 from glycolysis and 6 from the Krebs cycle (2 from GTP and 4 from FADH2)
*** the corrected drawing is below, the change is highlighted in yellow ( from the Krebs Cycle or Citric Acid Cycle ---- 2 FADH2= 4 ATP).***
Note: In Step 5 of the Krebs cycle a water molecule sheds its hydrogen atoms to coenzyme A. Then, a free-floating phosphate group displaces coenzyme A and forms a bond with the succinyl complex. The phosphate is then transferred to a molecule of GDP to produce an energy molecule of GTP. It leaves behind a molecule of succinate.
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Biochemistry / Physiology / Rsp S - Card: #281
On the back of the card, under Normal Adult Arterial Values: PO2 --- should be >79 torr NOT .79 torr
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Anatomic Sciences - Card: #25
The answer should be: At or slightly above the occlusal plane and posterior to the molars.
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Anatomic Sciences - Card: #30 Posted on 7/20/09
The second sentence in the question should read as follows: This leads to decreased elasticity of lung tissue.
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Anatomic Sciences / Rsp S - Card: #31
On the back of the card, Notes #2 should read as follows: Branches of the vagus nerve pass behind the root of each lung to form the posterior pulmonary plexus.
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Anatomic Sciences / Art - Card: #38
The first sentence in the question should read as follows: In carotid sinus syncope, the carotid sinus is overly sensitive to manual stimulation and can lead to loss of consciousness.
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Anatomic Sciences / Art - Card: #45
On the back of the card, under Cervical portion (of facial artery), the second bullet should read as follows: Ascending palatine - ascends alongside the pharynx, to reach the base of the skull.
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Anatomic Sciences / Art - Card: #57 Posted on 8/10/09
On the back of the card, in the chart , under Mandibular Teeth, the first row, the source of the Inferior alveolar artery should be: First part of the maxillary artery.
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Anatomic Sciences / GI S - Card: #106 Posted on 7/24/09
On the back of the card, #1 Endocrine portion should read as follows: Endocrine portion (secretes into bloodstream) takes the form of many small clusters of cells called islets of Langerhans (cells of the pancreas):
- Alpha cells: secrete glucagon, which counters the action of insulin
- Beta cells: secrete insulin, which promotes uptake and storage of glucose.
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Anatomic Sciences / Msl - Card: #107 Posted on 8/10/09
On the back of the card, the last paragraph should read as follows: Important: Muscles that usually appear in the floor of the posterior triangle include the spenius capitus, levator scapulae, and the scalenus muscles (anterior, medius, and posterior).
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Anatomic Sciences / Emb - Card: #145
The answer should be Third.
In the chart on the back of the card, the last row should read as follows:
Third --------------- Inferior parathyroid glands (from the dorsal part); Thymus (from the ventral part)
A new 4th row should read as follows:
Fourth ------------ Superior parathyroid glands (from the dorsal part); Ultimobranchial body (from the ventral part).
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Anatomic Sciences / Endr S - Card: #167
On the back of the card, under Types of salivary glands, Major, #3 should read as follows: Sublingual gland -- mixed serous and mucous gland with mucous predominating.
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Anatomic Sciences / Endr S - Card: #168
On the back of the card, the second bullet under adrenal cortex produces three types of hormones, should read as follows: Mineralcorticoids: enhance sodium reabsorption in the collecting duct of the kidneys.
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Anatomic Sciences / Emb - Card: #173
On the back of the card, the second paragraph, the second sentence should read as follows: When the sublingual duct (Bartholins duct) is present, it usually terminates on or near the sublingual caruncle also.
Anatomic Sciences / Emb - Card: #173 Posted on 7/20/09
On the back of the card, the fifth sentence in the first paragraph should read as follows: The gland forms a "U" shape around the posterior border of the mylohyoid muscle, which divides the submandibular gland into a superficial and deep lobe.
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Anatomic Sciences / Endr S - Card: #176
On the back of the card, the second paragraph (Remember), the first sentence should read as follows: The primary function of the thymus is the processing and maturation of special lymphocytes (white blood cells) called T lymphocytes or T cells, which play a central role in cell-mediated immunity.
The fourth paragraph, the first sentence should read as follows: The thymus gland is a primary lymphopid organ (along with bone marrow) that consists of two lobes surrounded by a thin layer of connective tissue. Note: the spleen, tonsils, lymph nodes, and Peyers patches are secondary lymphoid organs.
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Anatomic Sciences / Endr S - Card: #181
On the back of the card, second paragraph, the second sentence should read as follows: Endocrine glands constitute the endocrine system and include the pituitary, thyroid, parathyroid, adrenal, and pineal glands as well as the gonads and the islets of Langerhans (endocrine cells of the pancreas).
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Anatomic Sciences / Endr S - Card: #186 Posted on 7/20/09
On the back of the card, the fourth sentence in the explanation at the top of the card should read as follows: Completing the formation of the saddle posteriorly is the dorsum sellae.
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Anatomic Sciences / Nrv S - Card: #205
On the back of the card, under Somatic vs. visceral motor; the second bullet should read as follows: Visceral motor neurons are directed from the hypothalamus and midbrain and are involuntary, but have input from the cortex and thalamus.
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Anatomic Sciences / Nrv - Card: #223 Posted on 12/1/09
On the back of the card, under the four extraocular muscles that, the second bullet should read as follows: Medial rectus muscle.
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Anatomic Sciences / Nrv - Card: #230
On the back of the card, under The vagus nerve (CN X): General functions, the second bullet should read as follows: Motor to all of the muscles of the pharynx except the stylopharyngeus (from CN IX) and all muscles of the soft palate.
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Anatomic Sciences / Nrv - Card: #234
The answer should be An ipsilateral (same side) paralysis of facial muscles.
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Anatomic Sciences / Pdl/G - Card: #255 Posted on 7/20/09
On the back of the card, under Alveolodental ligament, the fifth bullet, the first and sencond sentences should read as follows: The interradicular group of the alveolodental ligament: found only between the roots of multirooted teeth. Run from the cementum into the bone, forming the crest of the interradicular septum.
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Anatomic Sciences / Pdl/G - Card: #256 Posted on 7/20/09
On the back of the card, the last paragraph that begins with "The PDL has a", should read as follows: The PDL has a vascular supply (arises from the maxillary artery), lymphatics (drain to the submandibular lymph nodes, except for the mandibular incisors which drain to the submental lymph nodes), and a nerve supply, which enter the apical foramen of the tooth to supply the pulp.
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Anatomic Sciences / Tis - Card: #262
The answer should be Pseudostratified epithelium.
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Anatomic Sciences / Tis - Card: #275
The answer should be papillary layer.
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Anatomic Sciences / T - Card: #279
On the back of the card, the third sentence should read as follows: These are columnar cells that differentiate during the bell stage in the crown area.
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Anatomic Sciences / T - Card: #282
In the chart on the back of the card; first row, under Cementum, the embryological background is Dental sac NOT Dental papilla. Also, the fifth row, under alveolar bone, the formative cells are osteoblasts NOT osteocytes.
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Anatomic Sciences / Vns - Card: #318 Posted on 7/20/09
On the back of the card, the third bullet down concerning the straight sinus, the second sentence should read as follows: The straight sinus runs posteriorly in the junction between the falx cerebri and tentorium cerebelli to become continuous with one of the transverse sinuses (most commonly the left).
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